A Basic Metabolic Panel test may form part of a routine health check-up process (along with other tests), or as a part of other investigations to diagnose a particular medical condition, especially in an emergency situation. Some of the conditions where this test is particularly useful are:
Sample required: Blood
Process: Insertion of needle into a vein (arm), or by using the finger stick (finger prick) method.
Preparation required: A minimum of 8 hours of complete fasting prior to the test. However, in case of an emergency, the test is done without any preparation.
The Basic Metabolic Panel Test results may be a significant indicator to the physician on the:
The normal ranges of the different parameters that constitute a Basic Metabolic Panel test, and a general medical observation for each value, when the values fall out of normal range, are provided. These numerical values are sometimes age- and gender-linked, influenced by other medical conditions, drugs, etc. and hence they may vary. Secondary tests may be required to confirm both the results and interpretations.
Following are components of BMP with normal reference ranges:
Increased levels indicate heart, gastrointestinal, kidney concerns, urinary tract obstruction, etc.
Low levels indicate protein deficiency, malnutrition, and liver failure
Increased calcium or vitamin D intake lead to higher than normal calcium levels, which could also be due to bacterial infections (like tuberculosis), thyroid related problems, Paget’s disease, Sarcoidosis, etc.
Decreased levels indicate a decreased intake of magnesium, vitamin D, and/or may be due to absorption issues related to kidney or liver
Higher levels indicate body metabolism issues, bromide poisoning, effect of drugs, and so on
Low levels could also mean metabolism concerns or excessive loss of body fluids due to vomiting, sweating, dehydration, or other disorders
High values could imply breathing disorder, vomiting, Cushing syndrome, etc.
Low levels indicate drug poisoning, kidney disease, and diarrhea
High level in women could mean pregnancy related problems; in others, kidney and muscular disorders
Lower levels could indicate muscular dystrophy, etc.
High levels are symptomatic of diabetes, pancreatic disorders, etc.
Low levels are due to reduced food intake, high insulin intake, other endocrine glands related issues
Higher values point to high potassium intake, possibility of recent blood transfusion, hemoglobin being broken down (Hemolysin), kidney failure, metabolic disorders, etc.
Low levels are indicative of the presence of diuretics, deficient diet potassium, renal problems, etc.
High levels are due to high intake of salts, increased fluid loss, diabetes, Cushing syndrome, etc.
Low levels are suggestive of increased body water levels due to certain medical conditions, effect of hormone vasopressin, or even due to body water loss caused by vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, etc.
The laboratory test results are NOT to be interpreted as results of a "stand-alone" test. The test results have to be interpreted after correlating with suitable clinical findings and additional supplemental tests/information. Your healthcare providers will explain the meaning of your tests results, based on the overall clinical scenario.
Certain medications that you may be currently taking may influence the outcome of the test. Hence, it is important to inform your healthcare provider, the complete list of medications (including any herbal supplements) you are currently taking. This will help the healthcare provider interpret your test results more accurately and avoid unnecessary chances of a misdiagnosis.
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